mainframe technology: July 2012

Tuesday, July 31, 2012

Four Summer Holiday Activities That Could Damage Your Back

31 Jul, 2012

Four Summer Holiday Activities That Could Damage Your Back

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(PRWEB) July 30, 2012 ? As summer draws to a close, some recreational enthusiasts begin to notice that the pain in their back may not be going away. For many who take recreation seriously, some level of pain and soreness is often associated with mere participation. Seattle chiropractic clinic, Belltown Spine and Wellness, understands that soreness is normal for active people, but cautions those experiencing symptoms that are more serious.

Back pain can be experienced in many levels of intensity across several locations, not always isolated to the back itself. One major difference between soreness and actual damage is usually in its persistence, even after taking a break from the activity. General muscle soreness will normally subside after taking a few days off, giving muscles time to heal and recover. Spinal and nerve damage, even of a mild variety, usually takes much longer and sometimes requires treatment.

Here are four summer recreational activities that can cause damage that may feel like soreness, but may turn out to be more serious. Each activity possesses hazards to the alignment and structure of the spine.

Water Sports: Swimming and having fun in the water are normally the best activities for maintaining back health. The weightlessness of water removes the impact associated by dry land activities. Unless, of course, you are being towed behind a motor boat at 20-25 mph. Impact from water skiing (and its other variations) can lead to substantial damage from spinal compression and whiplash. If pain does not decline in a few days, have it looked at.

Excessive Running: With the beautiful summer weather, it is easy to do an activity that you love too much. Runners, in particular, can just put on too many miles in their quest for ultimate fitness. The repetitive pounding of running can cause spinal compression, particularly in the lower back. Make sure to take days off to be able to assess the nature of lingering back pain.

Backpacking: Walking for miles on uneven ground, by itself, is a recipe for some kind of pain in the back. Add to that a pack that can weigh upwards of 50 pounds and the danger to back health is obvious. Be sure to take frequent rests on the trail and learn how to use the straps for shifting the weight between the shoulders and hips. Pain that refuses to subside for days after a hike can mean spinal compression.

Golf: Many people don?t take golfing for the athletic activity it truly is. Of course carrying a bag on your back would seem an obvious cause for back pain, but swinging a club on uneven surfaces possess hazards as well. What?s worse is that since people don?t approach golf as a sport, they are often ill-prepared physically. Bad habits and inattentiveness can lead to some pretty serious spinal alignment issues.

Source: http://www.travel-impact-newswire.com/2012/07/four-recreational-summer-activities-that-may-have-damaged-your-back/

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Spanish recession deepens in second quarter

MADRID (Reuters) - Spain slid deeper into recession in the second quarter as a tough new round of austerity to head off the budget crisis that threatens the euro took effect both on overall demand and the price consumers have to pay for goods.

The first official numbers on gross domestic product showed the economy shrank 0.4 percent from the previous quarter after contracting 0.3 percent in the first three months of the year. The economy was 1.0 percent smaller than a year earlier.

Consumer prices according to both Spanish and EU methodology rose 2.2 percent year-on-year, with the EU-harmonized increase above forecasts being due to medicine price hikes put in place by the government to save money and deflate the deficit.

Economists warned price hikes, and especially a 3-point rise in value-added tax due to come into effect in September, would distort consumer prices while the deepening recession reflected slower domestic demand.

That will further weaken the government's efforts to get the economy growing again - vital if it is to meet targets on reducing its budget shortfall and halting a market-inspired crisis in how it finances its debt.

"To properly follow Spain's economic reality, I would look at domestic service inflation, which is where we'll see stagnation and even deflationary pressures. Consumption remains very weak," economist at Madrid-based broker Intermoney Jose Carlos Diez said.

Spain slipped into the second recession since 2009 in the first quarter and is expected to continue to shrink until well into 2013 as consumers and businesses rein in spending and the euro zone debt crisis saps investor confidence.

Fears over the health of Spain's economy as it fights to reduce its public deficit has lifted funding costs to euro-era highs in recent weeks leading many to think an application for a full-bailout could soon become inevitable.

A full breakdown of the growth data will be published August 28, while the final price data will be available August 14.

(Reporting By Nigel Davies, writing by Paul Day; Editing by Julien Toyer and Patrick Graham)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/spanish-recession-deepens-q2-082854662--business.html

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Friday, July 27, 2012

Should A Pregnant Woman Go Clubbing? - Family - Nairaland

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Thursday, July 26, 2012

HBT: Dodgers closer to landing Ryan Dempster

The Cubs and Dodgers are working on potential three-team scenarios to get Ryan Dempster to Los Angeles, sources tell CSNChicago?s David Kaplan.

It?s believed the Cubs asked for right-hander Zach Lee and then right-hander Allen Webster in negotiations with the Dodgers, but that the Dodgers thus far have been unwilling to budge. By involving a third term, perhaps the Dodgers could still get a young starter that would suit the Cubs? needs while holding on to the organization?s top two prospects.

With Dempster, Matt Garza and Paul Maholm all involved in trade rumors, the Cubs? priority is landing major league-ready starting pitching in deals. They had an agreement to get right-hander Randall Delgado from the Braves for Dempster, only to have that fall through with Dempster making Los Angeles his destination of choice.

9:00 p.m. EDT update: Jon Heyman of CBSSports.com reports that the Dodgers rejected the Cubs? offer of Dempster for Webster. I think that was already assumed, but Heyman is the first to report it as fact.

Source: http://hardballtalk.nbcsports.com/2012/07/26/report-dodgers-moving-closer-to-landing-ryan-dempster/related

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Lacey Storm Girls Fastpitch Softball Tournament | Lacey Sports ...

Gille Park is located in Lanoka Harbor, Lacey. The Park is large and consists of an athletic complex including softball fields, tennis court, basketball courts, soccer field, ice hockey rinks, sand volleyball courts and a skate park. Gille Park also has playgrounds and a paved trail surrounding the park. Rotary Park is located within Gille Park.

Source: http://lacey.patch.com/events/lacey-storm-girls-fastpitch-softball-tournament-ff07e7ec

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3900 Sq ft Bungalow style House exterior design | Home Design ...

Today we are featuring a 3900 Sq ft Bungalow style House exterior design from Green Arch - Architects & Engineers team.
Ground Floor : 2300 Sq.Ft.
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Total Area : 3900 Sq.Ft.

Facilities ground floor : Porch , Sit Out , Reception , Dining , 2 Bed Room Attached , 1 common toilet , pantry , Kitchen , Work Area , Common Bathroom.
Facilities First floor: 2 bedroom attach toilet , Hall , Balcony , Open terrace.

More details about this house, pleases contact (House design in Kozhikode)
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Source: http://www.indianhomedesign.com/2012/07/3900-sq-ft-bungalow-style-house.html

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Is there an antimatter mirror universe? Massive space-based detector seeks to find out.

A massive particle detector on the International Space Station (ISS) aims to find out where all the antimatter went after the Big Bang.

By Robert Evans,?Reuters / July 25, 2012

The space shuttle Endeavour is seen on launch pad 39a as a storm passes by prior to the rollback of the Rotating Service Structure (RSS), Thursday, April 28, 2011, at Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Fla. During the 14-day mission, Endeavour and the STS-134 crew will deliver the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) and spare parts including two S-band communications antennas, a high-pressure gas tank and additional spare parts for Dextre.

Bill Ingalls/NASA/AP

Enlarge

A seven-tonne particle detector parked for over a year on the International Space Station (ISS) aims to establish whether there is an unseen "dark universe" woven into the cosmos, the scientist leading the project said on Wednesday.

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And the detector, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer or AMS, has already broken all records in registering some 17 billion cosmic rays and storing data on them for analysis, Nobel physics laureate Samuel Ting told a news conference.

"The question is: where is the universe made from anti-matter?" said Ting. "It could be out there somewhere far away producing particles that we could detect with the AMS."

Physicists say that the event 13.7 billion years ago that brought the known universe into existence and has been dubbed the "Big Bang" must have created equal amounts of matter and anti-matter. But then anti-matter largely disappeared.

Why that happened is one of the great mysteries of the cosmos which are being investigated through the AMS and scientific analysts back on the ground at CERN, the European particle physics research centre where Ting spoke.

The purpose of the AMS programme, he said, "is to search for phenomena that so far we have not had the imagination or the technology to discover".

Some researchers have suggested that the invisible "dark matter" estimated to make up about 25 percent of the known universe could be linked to anti-matter, but others say that is highly unlikely.

Wafting veil

These scientists argue that anti-matter could not survive in the close proximity to parts of the visible cosmos that latest observations suggest dark matter occupies - sometimes like a wafting veil between planets and stars.

Matter and anti-matter are almost identical, with the same mass but opposite spin and energy charges. They can form separate parts of some elementary particles but if they are mixed together they are both destroyed instantaneously.

Ting was speaking at a news conference with a team of U.S. astronauts who took the detector, which was developed and built at CERN, up to the ISS in May last year on the last mission of the U.S. space shuttle Endeavour.

He said that so far the $2 billion detector, with its powerful magnets that bend particles with positive and negative charges in different directions, had functioned perfectly and not one of its multiple backup systems had been needed so far.

Ting, a 75-year-old professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston, supervises the research on the material gathered from the AMS from CERN, guiding a team of some 500 scientists in many countries, including Russia and China.

He is however cautious about how long it will take for real discoveries to compare with the sighting announced this month of a totally new particle, believed to be the long-sought Higgs Boson, in CERN's Large Hadron Collider.

The boson is part of a force called the Higgs Field that turned the minute pieces of flying debris after the Big Bang into solid matter, bringing them together to form galaxies, stars and planets, and later life.

Asked when he expected to be able to report the first indications of dark matter or of an anti-matter mirror universe, Ting replied: "As late as possible," explaining that the analysis had to be done scrupulously and "step by step".

It would be at least 50 years "before anyone would be foolish enough to launch an experiment like this again" now that the U.S. space programme was shut down and current Chinese and Russian spacecraft could not take a load like the AMS, he said. (Editing by Mark Heinrich)

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/FcCRsTFVk-w/Is-there-an-antimatter-mirror-universe-Massive-space-based-detector-seeks-to-find-out

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How to Build a Rock-Solid Concrete Planter

With basic carpentry tools, a wheelbarrow, and some tinted concrete, you can build this sturdy home for houseplants.

By Joesph Truini

Concrete Form Plans (PDF, .5MB, requires Adobe Reader)

\n\nToday, we use concrete for everything from home foundations to kitchen counters. It\'s also a great material for making smaller items, such as the planter shown here. Super-sturdy but simple to build, it requires the construction of inner and outer wood forms to mold the finished product. Basic carpentry tools, a wheelbarrow, and an 80-pound bag of concrete mix are all you need to do a job that would make a Roman proud.", credit: "Reed Young", sourceid: null, sourcename: "", sourceurl: null, sourcelogo: "", thumbsrc: "/cm/popularmechanics/images/wc/concrete-planter-01-0712-smn.jpg", src: "/cm/popularmechanics/images/Y3/concrete-planter-01-0712-lgn.jpg", srcwidth: 450, srcheight: 600 }, { id: "slide2", url: "how-to-build-a-rock-solid-concrete-planter-2", slidetype: "image", title: "Form and Cast", description: "Screw together the inner and outer forms. Coat the exterior of the inner form with glue, and cover the surface with aluminum foil. Do the same for the inside face of the outer form. Spray cooking oil on the foil surfaces.\n\n

\n\nPlace the inner form, top-down, on the mounting board. Screw through the bottom of the board into the form\'s cross supports. Place the outer form over the inner one, and use angle brackets to secure the outer form to the mounting board. \n\n

\n\nEmpty an 80-pound bag of Quikrete Countertop Mix into a wheelbarrow. Add about 5 ounces of buff liquid cement color to 1 gallon of water in a bucket. Add the tinted water to the powdered concrete a couple of cups at a time until the mixture is malleable but not runny.\n\n

\n\nPour the concrete into the form. Repeatedly plunge a scrap-wood stick into the concrete to consolidate it. Overfill the form, then run an oscillating sander (without sandpaper) over the entire form to vibrate out voids. Strike off excess concrete. Form drain holes by pushing two dowels coated with petroleum jelly through the concrete.", credit: "Reed Young", sourceid: null, sourcename: "", sourceurl: null, sourcelogo: "", thumbsrc: "/cm/popularmechanics/images/o8/concrete-planter-02-0712-smn.jpg", src: "/cm/popularmechanics/images/VR/concrete-planter-02-0712-lgn.jpg", srcwidth: 450, srcheight: 600 }, { id: "slide3", url: "how-to-build-a-rock-solid-concrete-planter-3", slidetype: "image", title: "Strip the Outer Form", description: "After letting the concrete set for 18 hours, unscrew and disassemble the outer form. Grab and twist out the dowels with pliers.", credit: "Reed Young", sourceid: null, sourcename: "", sourceurl: null, sourcelogo: "", thumbsrc: "/cm/popularmechanics/images/TC/concrete-planter-03-0712-smn.jpg", src: "/cm/popularmechanics/images/pP/concrete-planter-03-0712-lgn.jpg", srcwidth: 600, srcheight: 450 }, { id: "slide4", url: "how-to-build-a-rock-solid-concrete-planter-4", slidetype: "image", title: "Pull the Inner Form", description: "Remove the screws driven through the bottom of the mounting board and into the inner form. Tip the planter over and pull out the inner form). After the concrete has cured for 24 hours, apply a liberal coat of clear masonry sealer to the entire planter. Once the sealer cures, you\'re ready to plant!", credit: "Reed Young", sourceid: null, sourcename: "", sourceurl: null, sourcelogo: "", thumbsrc: "/cm/popularmechanics/images/Rj/concrete-planter-04-0712-smn.jpg", src: "/cm/popularmechanics/images/xC/concrete-planter-04-0712-lgn.jpg", srcwidth: 600, srcheight: 450 } ] };

Concrete is just as useful and versatile today as it was when the Romans discovered how to make it 2000 years ago. Early masons used the humble mix of cement, sand, stone, and water to build impressive structures such as the Pantheon (A.D. 126), which is still in use as a house of worship. With its stout granite columns and massive concrete dome, the Pantheon gives new meaning to "built to last." Today, we use concrete for everything from home foundations to kitchen counters. It's also a great material for making smaller items, such as the planter shown here. Super-sturdy but simple to build, it requires the construction of inner and outer wood forms to mold the finished product. Basic carpentry tools, a wheelbarrow, and an 80-pound bag of concrete mix are all you need to do a job that would make a Roman proud.

Return to Slideshow

new technology future: Autoresponders ? Free Article Directory

What Exactly Are Autoresponders?
Have you ever wished that you could send automated emails to large amounts of people without having to waste precious time typing out the e-mails or addresses?? Now you can with autoresponders.? They are computer programs that automatically respond (hence the name) to e-mails sent to them.? Businesses can use these programs at great benefit to save time, maintain customer contact, and provide information.

Purpose
Autoresponders have many benefits for businesses and individuals.? Often, people use them to indicate that they are out of their office on vacation.? Similarly, in order to assure customers that their complaints are being heard, support providers often send an automatic message saying that a representative is working on the issue and will respond shortly.? Additionally, these programs can produce confirmation emails of registration for various things.? Ultimately they are designed to save people the time of responding to each individual e-mail received; however, they can be a valuable marketing tool as well.

How They Work
Many autoresponders are quite simple and can be utilized as part of a standard web-mail system (for instance an ?out of office? message).? However, others are more complicated and require a commercial service.? These programs can even scan email messages for certain key words and select pre-written responses that match the key words.? For instance, autoresponders can be used to answer FAQs or provide company information.? It is crucial to understand that these programs do not write e-mails for you; rather, they send out e-mails that you write to a list of recipients, who can add or remove themselves from this list at will.

Benefits
Autoresponders can be excellent timesaving measures, but they are also amazing Network marketing tools.? Studies have shown that consumers must be told seven times about something before they will buy it.? Marketing is all about creating a list of customers (people to contact) and then contacting them so they will buy a product.? Autoresponders allow businesses to do this in a timely matter at almost no cost.? After writing an e-mail, a businessperson can simply send it to all of the customers on his list.? The beauty of the system is that the customers put themselves on and off the list through the program by requesting information online, sending an e-mail with a question, or expressing other interest.

Cautions
Although they can be quite beneficial for businesses, it is important that these messages are not perceived as spam.? Businesses must walk a fine line between advertising and answering questions.? If for some reason people do not recognize the company in the e-mail, they will view it as spam and it will hurt marketing.? The only way these tools are useful is if people view them as useful to them.? Thus, it is important to say what these people want to hear, not to bother them over and over.

A new revolution in the marketing industry, autoresponders are saving executives time and money while increasing sales.? Efficient and effective, they are a must-have for any enterprising entrepreneur.? The Internet is the new primary advertising tool, and businesses must capitalize on new technology.? Even if your business is still somewhat small, autoresponders can be a huge help in saving time and money.

Source: http://historyquest.biz/autoresponders/

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Source: http://new-technology-future.blogspot.com/2012/07/autoresponders-free-article-directory.html

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Wednesday, July 25, 2012

How a Dentist Can Create an Effective Internship Program

Some people see interns as college students who are only good for getting coffee and completing a host of other mundane and insignificant tasks. This is especially true when it comes to working for big corporations, doctors or lawyers. This isn?t to say that this perception is necessarily true. However, this is the way these students are portrayed on movies, television shows and even some novels. Because this is the way they are portrayed, some business owners tend to believe that they are only good for these types of tasks. The good news is that this doesn?t have to be the case. If you are a dentist, for example, there are several things you can do to create an effective internship program that can help your business and make an impact on your interns.

For instance, you could allow your interns to assist you while you work on a patient. Of course, they shouldn?t be doing anything that requires them to actually perform dental work. However, they could hand you certain items or even prepare each room before you go in. These things may not seem very important, but at least it allows the student to be around you while you perform your work. So, they will get to witness firsthand, the daily duties of a dentist.

Another thing you could allow your interns to do is set appointments. Although you most likely have a receptionist, this idea could still work. It would free up your staff member?s time. This will allow them to focus on other tasks. If there aren?t many other tasks that need to be handled at that time, it will at least give them a much needed break.

Not only does allowing interns to set appointments help the receptionist, but it will benefit them as well. This will allow them to see all of the things that go into running this type of establishment. It?s about more than just working on people?s teeth. However, there are a lot of behind the scenes activities that must also be taken care of.

Lastly, interns can also work directly with patients and visitors by holding short workshops during business hours. You could allow them to set up a small table in a corner of the office. The table could include pamphlets and other information about the importance of dental health. The intern would hand out the information to visitors and talk with them about different ways they could improve their dental lifestyle. This would allow the students to get used to communicating with others, which is an important aspect of being a dentist.

Contrary to what some may believe interns aren?t useless nor are they to be used as servants. However, they are able to give help while getting help at the same time.

The dentist Flower Mound residents trust is one with experience in his field, and in customer care. Find a well rounded professional at http://www.myflowermounddental.com/

Source: http://toddsblogs.com/referenceandeducation/2012/07/25/how-a-dentist-can-create-an-effective-internship-program/

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Creative Innovation Manufacturing and Business Models - Connect

Creative Innovation, Manufacturing and Business Models

By: Jeremy Davenport July 24, 2012 3:33 PM

From mass production to mass customisation or to others, from push to pull business models, new technologies in both content and product are empowering users/consumers to play an increasingly active role in the design of product and services and technology innovation more generally.

These and other related themes were explored in the inaugural Creative Innovation, Manufacturing and Business workshop, hosted by Exeter University on the 13th of July, which brought together entrepreneurs, businesses, government agencies, and academics to explore the pioneering?research and practice bridging digital and physical innovation and examples of related business models.

While exploring technology drivers and projects; the essential theme of the day was the role of collaboration and interdisciplinary knowledge sharing as a driver to successful innovation around these new technology platforms.? These overall themes echoed many of the topics explored by the CIKTN in our portfolio of thematic Beacon for Innovation portfolio of projects.

Digital technologies, used in the design, creation, distribution and consumption of content, are now being combined with additive manufacturing as the basis for disruption of both the design industry and mass manufacturing /business model. Driving a convergence between our physical and digital worlds. This process of disruption may also be impacting on the traditional models of knowledge exchange as open innovation becomes increasing important as a driver to business innovation.

Open source, open innovation and open design have/ are moving onto the both the research and corporate landscape as key drivers to business innovation around new technologies and ways of collaborating.? Although each has a different value proposition, the key characteristics of openness are embodied in transparency and permeability across boundaries, which characterize the emergent companies such as RepRap, makerbot and innovation labs (Fab Lab/Hacker communities).

FabLabs and other types of open workshops/labs (University, corporate or community based) illustrate hybrid innovation models that combines principles of commons based peer collaboration and production with an enabling environment for development of new commercial business models and non commercial services. Particularly non-IP based business models that are now common in the open source software community.

Access to finance was also touched upon in both discussion and case studies illustrating that new forms of collaboration (crowd sourcing) using new platforms (social networking) acting to transform the traditional model for start up to secure investment. The need to adapt the existing IP framework to the emerging realities of physical and digital convergence has been identified in the recently completed Hargreaves review of the UK?s IP framework (2011).

New insights, models and methodologies are now at the cutting edge in exploring a changing relationship with empowered end users at their center. The new value chains and the empowered role of users and consumers provide both challenges and opportunities for the creative industries, investors, manufactuing and technology developers. Our key challenge is to find ways of curating the cross disciplinary ways of working (not least with the end users) that are becoming increasingly essential to succesful innovation and business development in these areas.

Source: https://connect.innovateuk.org/web/creativektn/articles/-/blogs/creative-innovation-manufacturing-and-business-models

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Podcasting: A Fantastic Online Marketing Strategy - Small Business ...

Podcasts are a super-effective way of marketing your business because they engage audiences and they personalize your marketing message.

One of my services is converting audio files into a finished podcast and submitting the podcast to iTunes and other podcast directories.

My clients John McCarty & Brad Cooper have a weekly radio show ?Financial Answers for Today?s Economy. ?They wanted to convert the show files into a podcast for iTunes and other podcast directories. ?Their audio files were already in MP3 format, which was great because that?s the only format that works on all digital devices. ?So they were one step ahead of the game.

Steps to Creating a Podcast

Starting with an MP3 file, I created their podcast artwork, added ID3 tags to replace generic information, stored the new files in ?the cloud,? created a new rss feed and then submitted the feed to the directories. ?John & Brad wrote their blog post from their show notes and we were ready to connect the podcast file to their website.

Here?s the generic audio player before I edited it.

And now here?s the finished audio player the way it will look online and in iTunes.

Now John & Brad?s podcast matches their other branding and it will be easily recognizable on any device.

Get Started With Podcasting

Podcasting will work with any business and it doesn?t require a ton of expensive audio equipment. ?You?ll need a good microphone and the right software.

Want to know more about podcasting? ?Contact me for a free consultation about how you can drive traffic to your website and your business with audio.

Source: http://semomarketingsolutions.com/podcasting-fantastic-online-marketing-strategy/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=podcasting-fantastic-online-marketing-strategy

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Tuesday, July 24, 2012

Political Integration as a means of taming the ... - Morocco World News

By Mustafa Ettoualy

Morocco World News

Ifran, Morocco, July 23, 2012

Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4, Part 5

The 25 November 2011 Parliamentary Election: Future Scenarios

The last Parliamentary elections of November 25, 2011 were of special value since they took place at a very sensitive time in both domestic and international political developments. It came as a result of the overthrow of four long lasting political systems thanks to the Arab spring?s peaceful protests: Zayn EL Abidin Ben Ali in Tunisia, Hosni Moubarek in Egypt, Ali Abdellah Salih in Yamen and Muammar Kaddafi in Libya?s reign came to an end. Importantly enough, it came in the wake of adopting a new constitution for the Kingdom, the break out of 20^th February movement protests all over the county and a financial crisis and demonstrations that crawled from the East and swept different regimes in its way.

Morocco has been taken by pro-democracy protests decrying lack of freedoms, unemployment, poverty and widespread corruption and thousands of problems that the new elected head of the government must deal with. King Mohammed VI sought to soothe tensions by ordering a constitutional reform ? in his speach of 9 March ? that gives parliament more power and moved up legislative elections by a year

The PJD performed remarkably well; it succeeded to sweep the last election, rising from 9 seats in 1997, 42 seats in 2002, 47 seats in 2007 to 107 seats in 2011. It came first achieving approximately 29 % of seats

Under a new constitution proposed by King Mohammed VI in the wake of the Arab Spring uprisings that was approved in a July referendum, the monarch accordingly selected a prime minister from the winning party instead of naming, as in the past, whoever he pleased.

The new government will have to work with the king, who still retains broad powers and acts as an arbitrator, at a time when Morocco is facing significant challenges, such as high youth unemployment, increased social awareness, and a growing sensibility of protests. Additionally, public finances have worsened for the following reasons: the decrease of international investment by 24%, and the decrease of remittances from Moroccan immigrants abroad by 36%, subsequent years of drought, an unbearable rise of oil prices (over $100 USD per barrel), the awful rise of the Subsidy Fund?s (SOUNDOUK AL Makassa) expenditure to more than 20 million dirham a year, and many other hectic and decisive problems like the aggravation of foreign debts of unprecedented? levels. On the other hand, the electoral campaign of the PJD? promised to cut poverty in half, raise the minimum wage by 50%, create jobs for more than 200,000 unemployed persons, and finally to improve the annual rate of development to 7%

Being under the anvil and hammer of its promises to the Moroccan citizens and local and international demands, the PJD was elected to lead the government.

While it remains notoriously difficult and risky to predict a future decline of the Islamists based on reading either the flow of social and political events or the process of these movements starting from the seventies, for this thesis it would nonetheless seem likely that major changes are to occur in the near future, either within the major Islamist organizations (Al Adl and MUR/PJD) or in the Makhzen?s responses to them.

The most probable near term future scenario is a decline in the influence of the Islamists and their representation either in the Parliament or in the government as ?they will not be allowed to gain considerable influence but will be kept ?in place? at their current level of support via electoral rules and continued support to the PAM,? [1] which means that the process adopted by the authorities for more than four decades to tame the Islamists finally will come to an end? and succeed in its endeavor -as it did with USFP and the leftists.

That is, for both the Islamists and the leftists, the system used the same methods; the system via democracy?s game, attempted successfully to boost its political opponents? reputation in the opposition before allowing them ? in a challenging period ? to lead the government, from where they automatically would be unable to fulfill their promises and lose Moroccan citizens? trust for ever. Furthermore, the authorities push one of its hawks to found a political party that can curb either the Islamists or the left to gain more power, as has been the case of the party founded by Mohamed Ossman, a friend of Hassan II, who established the National Rally of Independence (RNI) and the party of the Constitutional Union (UC) after the Kutla parties dominated the Moroccan political sphere or the case of the party of The?Authenticity and Modernity (PAM)[2]

In practice this implies, from another perspective, that it seems most likely that the MUR/PJD will be allowed to continue on the formal political scene ? in return for its continued support of the regime, the fundamental rules of the political game and to create a certain political balance in case it may be used in the future against an emerging political power.

That is, I tried to analyze the impact and the makhazen? intervention in the process of taming the Islamists:? the political gains, losses and future scenario as a result of the official authorities? successful strategy. A strategy that can be divided into two phases: the first phase started in the seventies with Mouti?? and Chabiba Islamiyya/ Islamic youth and ended in 1996 when the movement of Reform and Renewal changed its name into movement of Unity and Reform? in the wake of being encouraged to integrate in an already existent political party as we have seen in the previous chapter. The second phase, started with the Islamists? acceptance to integrate into the party of Abdelkarim EL Khatib in the 1996 onwards, an ex- doctor of King Hassan II.

This chapter concludes that the limited electoral performance of the movement of Unity and Reform and its political wing PJD came mainly as a response to the state-level dynamics- the change of the election law and limitations put upon the political space of the PJD.

As argued throughout the chapter, Morocco started implementing a controlled strategy so as to domesticate the Islamists. The most important manifestation of this strategy was the political integration program launched by the state in the late 1990?s. The system?s strategy aimed at integrating the Islamists, promoting the Kingdom?s image internationally in regards to political participation, civil liberties and human rights practice. This 1990?s political opening presented on one hand an unprecedented opportunity for Islamists to officialize their political status, and on the other hand another occasion for the authorities to complete implementing their program about the Islamists as it did with the USFP ? a program that started in the early seventies.

That is, the 1997 parliamentary election gave the freshly-built PJD the political wing of the movement of Unity and Reform the opportunity to take part into official political processes, which means, as we have seen in their electoral program, the non-recourse to Islamic ideologies as a political party. The PJD?s participation in the 1997 elections, albeit modest, proved to be promising and presented the party as a strong organized political structured force. Most importantly, the 1997 elections yielded alternative authorities and brought the opposition into government. In view of campaigning effectively for the 2002 elections, the Islamist party counted on its political freshness, ?moderate? pan-Islamic agenda and also capitalized on the Socialists? failures as the alternative authorities to address socio-economic difficulties in Morocco. However, despite its broad popularity, the PJD did not achieve a parliamentary majority, compelling itself to operate as an opposition force. This outcome was mainly attributable to the King?s supremacy over electoral laws.

In fact, the amendments introduced by King Mohammed VI, such as the substitution of the ?single-member electoral districts? law with ?multi-member districts? ones in the electoral laws, and in general his constitutional prerogatives, led the party to adopt a self-restraint policy as a contract with the palace. The King sought to carefully manage the electoral process in ways that would preserve its supremacy while allowing room for Islamists to take part in the electoral process. The appointment of Driss Jettu as Prime Minister is another aspect of the King?s manipulative potential over electoral outcomes and a reminder of his absolute supremacy over domestic politics and decision-making. The subsequent elections of 2007 saw an important decline in the expectation that the PJD may perform better in subsequent elections, through garnering more seats in the parliament, which effectively happened in the last parliamentary elections of 25 November in the context of the overwhelming victory of the Islamic Movement in the elections of Tunisia and Egypt.

The system used the Islamists and their reputations in that very sensitive period so as to:

1 ? To ride out the storm brought about by the Arab spring until the situations calm down
2 ? To appear as a democratic system. Its historical hostility with the Islamists does not prevent it from handing over tp the Islamists ?the reins of power.?
3 ? To implicate the Islamists in the crisis that it is not theirs and cannot bear its responsibility, which will lead the Moroccan citizens, after the Islamists will fail to fulfill their promises, to say that: ?The Makhzen gave power to the Islamists, but they were not up to the level of responsibility, so that people despair of any good to be expected from them.?[3]

4-To declare the end of the cold war against the Islamists through a process that started the day that the Islamists were found to curb the influence of the left wing and will last until the end of their existence as the head of the current government, as happened with the USFP.

Mustafa Ettoualy is a PhD candidate at the University of Sidi Mohamed Benabdellah in Fez.

[2] Watch the broadcasted interview of Fouad Ali Alhimma with Abdessamad Bencherif on 2M

Source: http://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2012/07/49085/morocco-political-integration-as-a-means-of-taming-the-islamists-part-6/

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To maintain a healthy pregnancy weight, think about what meals you ...

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Dissolution or creation of huge gypsum deposits changed sulfate content of the oceans

Scientists have discovered a potential cause of Earth's "icehouse climate" cooling trend of the past 45 million years. It has everything to do with the chemistry of the world's oceans.

"Seawater chemistry is characterized by long phases of stability, which are interrupted by short intervals of rapid change," says geoscientist Ulrich Wortmann of the University of Toronto, lead author of a paper reporting the results and published this week in the journal Science.

"We've established a new framework that helps us better interpret evolutionary trends and climate change over long periods of time. The study focuses on the past 130 million years, but similar interactions have likely occurred through the past 500 million years."

Wortmann and co-author Adina Paytan of the University of California Santa Cruz point to the collision between India and Eurasia approximately 50 million years ago as one example of an interval of rapid change.

This collision enhanced dissolution of the most extensive belt of water-soluble gypsum on Earth, stretching from Oman to Pakistan and well into western India. Remnants of the collision are exposed in the Zagros Mountains in western Iran.

The dissolution or creation of such massive gypsum deposits changes the sulfate content of the ocean, say the scientists, affecting the amount of sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere and thus climate.

"We propose that times of high sulfate concentrations in ocean water correlate with global cooling, just as times of low concentrations correspond with greenhouse [warmer] periods," says Paytan.

"When India and Eurasia collided, it caused dissolution of ancient salt deposits, which resulted in drastic changes in seawater chemistry."

That may have led to the end of the Eocene epoch--the warmest period of the modern-day Cenozoic era--and the transition from a greenhouse to an icehouse climate. "It culminated in the beginning of the rapid expansion of the Antarctic ice sheet," says Paytan.

Canada's Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council supports Wortmann's research and the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) supports Paytan research.

"Abrupt changes in seawater composition are a new twist in our understanding of the links among ocean chemistry, plate tectonics, climate and evolution," says Candace Major, program director in NSF's Division of Ocean Sciences.

To make the discovery, the researchers combined past seawater sulfur composition data collected by Paytan with Wortmann's recent discovery of the strong link between marine sulfate concentrations and carbon and phosphorus cycling.

They found that seawater sulfate reflects huge changes in the accumulation and weathering of gypsum, which is the mineral form of hydrated calcium sulfate.

"While it's been known for a long time that gypsum deposits can be formed and destroyed rapidly, the effect of these processes on seawater chemistry has been overlooked," says Wortmann.

"The idea represents a paradigm shift in our understanding of how ocean chemistry changes over time, and how these changes are linked with climate."

Data used in the research were collected aboard the ocean drillship JOIDES Resolution and through the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP).

###

IODP is an international research program dedicated to advancing scientific understanding of the Earth through drilling, coring and monitoring the subseafloor.

The JOIDES Resolution is a scientific research vessel managed by the U.S. Implementing Organization of IODP. Texas A&M University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University and the Consortium for Ocean Leadership comprise the implementing organization.

Two lead agencies support the IODP: the U.S. NSF and Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.

Additional program support comes from the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling, the Australia-New Zealand IODP Consortium, India's Ministry of Earth Sciences, the People's Republic of China's Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources.

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Ancient alteration of seawater chemistry linked with past climate change

Public release date: 23-Jul-2012
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Contact: Cheryl Dybas
cdybas@nsf.gov
703-292-7734
National Science Foundation